�������{���R�l%���G���|(;�P�K\u����Dk�I�3�9/ �q��_�Σ���>�ҋ�I�_��T����M��==.--�&�������Գ^�r�3�����Q����;g�-�Ca�����)��.y� endstream endobj 71 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(������n`q�UKz�2k˗��B'r$)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(�ً�Ž��p�. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Download the full report here). Focusing on Russia’s new style of hybrid warfare alone is a misguided interpretation of how the Kremlin wields power. The “hybridity” of Russian operations likewise reflects a conceptually analogous if operationally very different hybridity of the Russian state. This kind of hybrid warfare gave Putin just enough plausible deniability about what was clearly happening — Russia seizing territory that belonged to another nation. According to widespread belief in the United States and Europe, Vladimir Putin’s Russia has unleashed “hybrid war” against the West. Subordinate kinetic operations to information operations—which the Kremlin assesses is the ongoing foundational change in the character of war—in planning processes and execution. �wK+c9�J�7���q}�E���eh�-� �=�^��6C�� The ultimate objective of Russian hybrid warfare is not the defeat but the destabilization of neighboring countries. The Russian hybrid warfare toolkit has more to offer, including aggressive activities or even inflicting physical harm. --Modern War Institute $_��8qH0 �f 1� MOSCOW — The chief of Russia’s armed forces endorsed on Saturday the kind of tactics used by his country to intervene abroad, repeating a philosophy of so-called hybrid war … The Russian military is not attempting to hide its intent to conduct offensive hybrid wars. Centralize all potential Russian decision-making bodies—civilian, military, media, and economic—to coordinate whole-of-government efforts. Its perception of being at war or in a permanent state of conflict with the US and its allies were furthered by the 2014 Maidan uprising in Ukraine. The Kremlin considers conflicts including Belarus, Ukraine, Syria, Libya, and Venezuela to be hybrid wars. He says Russia's hybrid war against Ukraine is a reality in which Ukrainians have been living for long. The Kremlin adjusts the kinds of forces it commits to hybrid conflicts according to its assessment of the conflict’s requirements. Current hybrid warfare efforts from Russia, China, and to a lesser degree by increasingly rogue states such as Turkey and Iran, are a formidable threat to civil order in Europe. _ 6. The Russian military defines a “hybrid war” as a strategic-level effort to shape the governance and geostrategic orientation of a target state in which all actions, up to and including the use of conventional military forces in regional conflicts, are subordinate to an information campaign. The US largely views this Russian approach, hybrid war, as a set of activities below the level of conventional conflict. This paper is part of ISW's Military Learning & The Future of War series. The Kremlin’s ongoing adaptations include efforts to: The United States must revise its strategy for confronting the Russian threat and re-examine the tools and resources it will need to support that strategy in light of a more accurate understanding of the Russian concept of hybrid wars. Russian military theorists write extensively and openly on general strategies and doctrine for offensive hybrid wars, and additionally discuss the development of individual hybrid means. provides a very compre-hensive definition of the latest manifestation of hybrid warfare… The 2018 US National Defense Strategy gives primacy to deterring major conventional great power wars. Hybrid warfare is back on the agenda. The Russian conception of hybrid war is much more expansive. Improve the conventional expeditionary capabilities of the Russian Armed Forces to enhance their capability to deploy abroad in support of hybrid wars. Russia’s active measures and hybrid warfare strategy in the Cold war and now. The U.S discussion of hybrid war overly focuses on the means short of conventional forces and conflict that the Russians have most famously used. mussen described Russian tactics as hybrid warfare, which he defined as a combination of military action, covert operations and an aggressive program of disinformation. America’s current strategy for responding to the Russian threat is based on a misunderstanding of the Russian approach to war and exposes the United States and its allies to a high risk of strategic defeats. Without further ado, let’s look are some of the major takeaways from the report. Click here to go to the series homepage. Before the Committee on Armed Services United States House of Representatives March 22, 2017 s used today in reference to Russia, “hybrid warfare” refers to Moscow’s use of a broad range of subversive instruments, many of which are nonmilitary, to further Russian national interests. Russian Hybrid Warfare America’s current strategy for responding to the Russian threat is based on a misunderstanding of the Russian approach to war and exposes the United States and its allies to a high risk of strategic defeats. But Russia includes significant conventional conflict in its conception and execution of hybrid war. The Russians define hybrid war precisely and coherently as a type of war, rather than a set of means to conduct state policy. Conduct society-wide information campaigns to improve “patriotic consciousness,” which the Kremlin assesses is essential in hybrid war. The Kremlin assesses that hybrid wars already dominate 21st century conflict and will continue to do so. In 2013, General Valery Gerasimov, chief of Russia’s Armed Forces, publicly unveiled a fresh idea. 70 0 obj <> endobj 78 0 obj <>/Encrypt 71 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<026B3944E93E7D977796609FE61336F4><7FBC62922F5D4EE893073CC0BE6AFFE8>]/Index[70 21]/Info 69 0 R/Length 60/Prev 227090/Root 72 0 R/Size 91/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Improve the Kremlin’s capability to employ PMCs and other supposedly deniable proxy forces. Moscow has accused Washington of conducting hybrid warfare against Russia during the colour revolutions. The Kremlin’s undertakings are aimed at drawing Serbia away from Western institutions, however, the Serbs are its only ally in the region. Military Balance . The challenges presented by Russian hybrid war and preparations for the future of war are not insurmountable. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 Washington, DC 20036. The United States should take several actions to support this revision of its strategy and approach to Russia. Russia is now involved in carrying out hybrid warfare against pro-Western authorities in Montenegro, Macedonia, and Kosovo while its support for Bosnia’s Serb separatists poses a threat to state structures. endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 90 0 obj <>stream The United States must also recognize that deterring major conventional and nuclear war with Russia is not a sufficient objective to preserve US interests in the face of Russian hybrid war efforts. It uses a blend of means and instruments, including conventional military forces. The Russian soldiers without insignia (“little green men”) who helped seize Crimea in 2014, and the proxies Russia uses in eastern Ukraine, are most often the focus of Western assessments about how to respond to Russian hybrid war. Linear conflicts are defined by a sequential progression of a planned strategy by opposing sides, whereas nonlinear conflict is the simultaneous deployment of multiple, complementary military and non-military warfare tactics. 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