But does history, particularly after the schism, provide some facts from which one might conclude that a right of supremacy over the other patriarchates was granted to the Ecumenical Patriarchate? Later, through indifference toward ecclesiastical matters, thoughtlessness and snobbishness, the Church of Cyprus joined them. All rights reserved. Barnum’s widow married in NY Greek church, The death of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople, 1821, Michael Anagnos, “who made the sightless see”, Patriarch Nikon’s Reforms and the Spoon Controversy, How US Slavery Undermined Protestant Missionaries in 1860 Beirut. Just as the intrusions of the Ecumenical Patriarchate into Russian ecclesiastical territories were anti-canonical– and the Patriarchate of Russia has started to denounce them to the universal Church– so too, and for the same reasons, was its intrusion into the communities of Eastern and Southern Africa anti-canonical. If, for the communities of America, Europe and Australia, there was no protest against their occupation because they are located outside the boundaries of all the autocephalous Orthodox churches, and if there has not been any complaint until today, at least for the communities of eastern and southern Africa, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, into whose jurisdiction the Ecumenical Patriarchate has crept, makes its protest heard. The Russian Orthodox Church says it has effectively cut diplomatic relations with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which has authority over some 300 million Orthodox Christians The three patriarchs decided to write and in fact did write to their brother in Christ, the Ecumenical Patriarch, to ask him to convoke the council. It did everything to show its hatred toward the Turks, against whom it was somehow taking revenge. The patriarchate’s intervention in politics. Most recently, the Ecumenical Patriarchate, under Gregory VII, has tried to annex the communities of Eastern and Southern Africa. The speed with which the foolish and mean-spirited chauvinism of the Patriarchate and the grandees of the nation was manifested, completely unnecessarily, their hatred and scorn towards Turkey had reached the point that when it came time to elect a patriarch of Constantinople, they elected him on the basis of statutes that were completely different from those that were recognized for the election of the patriarch, statutes that the Turkish government had neither seen nor approved, and they did not announce the election, even as a courtesy, to the government in order to have it recognize it. Nevertheless, while what the Turks expected of us was, as we have said, just a bit of sympathy at the time of their defeat in the European war, they immediately saw us openly taking the side of the Allies and of Greece. “If Turkey should not exist in the future, how would it harm you,” we said, “to continue to be on good terms with the Turks and to maintain your relations with their government, inasmuch as it has not been dissolved by the powers? Just a year after this article was published, Meletios was elected Patriarch of Alexandria — beating out, among others, Christophoros himself. Thus Saint John Chrysostom went so far as to depose and ordain even the exarches in the provinces of Asia Minor and Anatolius, together with the permanent synod around him, deposed and installed bishops even in the Metropolis of Tyre, which was under Antioch. In the issue of Paintanos before last (p. 612), we promised to treat particularly the anti-canonical encroachments of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the territories of the autocephalous churches. If Patriarch Bartholomew's visit to Ukraine may cause some extremist actions on the part of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP), this is a verdict on its pastoralism. Thus was the case in the quarrel between Pope Nicholas of Rome and the Patriarch Photius; the latter, in an encyclical, denounced the pope to the three other patriarchs. Would it not be completely unreasonable to claim a papal primacy in the Church and inconsiderately disdain every opinion coming from the three eastern patriarchates? The Ecumenical Patriarch would also recognize the dignity of Orthodox clergy and faithful in Ukraine who identify with the Russian Orthodox Church. [4], Freeing itself as much as possible from the tutelage of the Greek government, a tutelage caused by the patriarchate’s penury, being able to free in the future metropoles located in the new regions of Greece and, without seeing the number of eparchies inscribed on its lists diminish, finding as much as possible a place for the bishops without dioceses: such are the reasons that the Ecumenical Patriarchate saw for needing to seek out other countries in order to establish new ecclesiastical provinces and establish bishops there. please write to the address, RISU is a project of the Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University Copyright for the materials of the Religious Information Service of Ukraine is, © RISU - Religious Information Service of Ukraine, 2001-2021. The Society for Orthodox Christian History in the Americas, Bust of Patriarch Christophoros II of Alexandria, The remarkable article that follows was written by then-Metropolitan Christophoros of Leontopolis (future Patriarch Christophoros II of Alexandria) in 1924, and was published in Paintanos, an official organ of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and then translated into French and published in the journal Échos d’Orient in 1925 (see the French version here). However, after the brotherly disposition of the autocephalous churches, would it not be impertinent on the part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to want to interfere as well within the territories of the autocephalous churches?[5]. And, with regard to the patriarchs, his brothers, he never wanted to take on a haughty air at that period, when the patriarchs of the East were humiliated before the world, having almost no flock or shepherds. These canonical decrees were not imposed on the other patriarchs when they did not take part in the permanent council, but they were willingly welcomed because they were truly wise, inspired and beneficial for the life and salvation of the Christian people. Without any prudence and completely contrary to the tactic followed until then, the Patriarchate, the bishops and the archons of the nation identified the interests of the Greeks of Turkey and of the Patriarchate with those of Greece and the Allies. With the exception of the Archbishopric of Constantinople and the surrounding eparchies, apart from the eparchies of the Dodecanese and the not yet liberated metropoles of Greece, the eparchies of the whole of Asia Minor, of Pontus and of current Turkish Thrace have been struck out and are lost forever to Hellenism and especially to the unfortunate Ecumenical Patriarchate which, because of this and because of the implacable vengeance of the Turks, great and small, finished by losing all its erstwhile splendor, life and vigor. Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Моско́вский патриарха́т, tr. [4] None of these misfortunes of Hellenism in Turkey and of the Ecumenical Patriarchate would have happened if they had not made the mistake of deposing, after a riot, Patriarch Germanos V. He was forced to resign precisely because he had been accused of having very good relations with the Turks, the wisdom of which the future would fully confirm. Today, it is no different from a parish church of Constantinople, with its council, offices, and rooms for the priests who are found within it. The Russian ambassador to Cyprus, Stanislav Osadchiy, launched a blatant attack on Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. Russian Patriarch Kirill responded by severing ties with Constantinople. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I (right) with Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Kirill. "It is despicable to hide behind people whom you have raised yourself and whose pastors you consider yourself. [3] Archimandrite Kallistos, in the study mentioned above (Ekklesiastikos Pharos vol. It thus suffered all the consequences of its defeat, among them to see the state’s capital, Constantinople, occupied by the allied armies. Patriarch Bartholomew has already visited Ukraine in 1997 and 2008. But these interventions, not based on the holy canons and on the generally democratic spirit of the government of our Church or inspired by the circumstances for a greater good, should be considered arbitrary actions by patriarchs or emperors. After the Greek and Alexandrian Orthodox Churches followed suit later, Kirill did the same to them. The war also marks the formal end of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the secular Republic of Turkey. For these pastors without flocks, they split in two or three the main ecclesiastical territories that remained, such as those of Chalcedon, Derkos, Rhodes and Chios, as well as certain dioceses of Macedonia and Epirus; moreover, they created new eparchies: these were the archdioceses of Western and Central Europe (Thyatira and Hungary), the Archdiocese of America with three bishops, the Archdiocese of Australia and Oceania, and a few others which are still being planned. If such radiance, such glory and such influence were accompanied by a frivolous plan, there is no doubt that we would have in the east another pope desiring to the submission apart from bishops and patriarchs, even emperors, and to accord himself civil and religious authority. (click to enlarge). The explanation for the change of tactics indicated above and followed from the start by the Ecumenical Patriarchate was already suggested at the beginning of this study. The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Ру́сская правосла́вная це́рковь, tr. In general, everywhere and always, every time that the Ecumenical Patriarch entered into relations with one of the other patriarchs or with all of them at once, the relations were cordial, full of esteem, mutual respect and fraternal solidarity. Then, in 1939, Christophoros himself became Patriarch of Alexandria. Many thanks to Sam Noble for translating this document into English. Moreover, the Patriarchate has become poor in recent times. (For lots more on this period, see the article, “The Nine Years that Almost Destroyed the Orthodox Church.”). Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. We have been at the head of every civilizing movement and we drew the greatest advantages from it. ), Archimandrite Kallistos claims that Canons 9 and 17 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council grant the Ecumenical Patriarch supremacy over the other patriarchs. It is not stated anywhere that he has such a right," the patriarch said at the eighth "Faith and Word" international festival of orthodox media. Likewise, when the Church of Russia was established as a patriarchate and when the Bulgarians were declared to be schismatic, all the patriarchs considered it indispensable to gather and take a common decision.[3]. It is also a notorious fact that, in the discussions of the Treaty of Lausanne, Ismet Pasha formally and categorically requested that Venizelos remove Meletios from Constantinople. It is for this reason that the three patriarchs wrote to the Ecumenical Patriarch to ask him to convoke the council in Jerusalem, as they proposed to him, even though they themselves or one of them was able to convoke it. The new Turkish government immediately decreed that any candidate for a religious election in Turkey must be a Turkish citizen — a law directly targeting the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This is what we have seen to a certain degree in Russia. Protodeacon of the Russian Orthodox Church Andrey Kuraev said this in an interview with Glavkom. One who has reviewed the facts that we have just presented could reasonably wonder: Where do the people of the Ecumenical Patriarchate get the audacity to claim supremacy in the Church, to busy themselves hastily with placing under their jurisdiction every ecclesiastical territory without a leader, to intervene frequently in territories granted by the canons and logic itself to other autocephalous churches, to desire that in general ecclesiastical questions their opinion predominates without scrutiny, even if the other patriarchs and the majority of the autocephalous churches are of a contrary opinion? The four patriarchs are equal in dignity, in no way is one inferior to another. The Moscow–Constantinople schism, also known as the Orthodox schism or Orthodox Church schism, is an ongoing schism which began on 15 October 2018 when the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC, also known as the Moscow Patriarchate) unilaterally severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.. 20, pp. 4626 ignores rights of military believers of this Church, New Director of Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University Interviewed, Russian propaganda seeks to destroy U.S.-Ukraine cooperation, distorts facts about Ukrainian Orthodoxy, The RISU editorial board invites its readers to become co-creators of the new portal, The RISU editorial office is a non-profit organization that exists owing to grants and donations. The other question where the papal tendencies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate have been manifest in an obvious way has been, as we have said, that of the convocation of an ecumenical council or a great local council. After the establishment of Constantinople and its proclamation as capital of the Roman Empire, the need was gradually felt to honor it from the ecclesiastical point of view. Whatever. He gave interviews in which he accused Turkey of being a barbarous, bloody and worn-out nation. [2] In his study on the “Rights and Privileges of the Ecumenical Patriarch,” (Ekklesiastikos Pharos vol. To seize every country considered to be without a (religious) leader and to annex it to his own ecclesiastical territory. In his 20-month tenure as Ecumenical Patriarch, Meletios called a “Pan-Orthodox Congress,” introduced the New Calendar, established a bunch of new autocephalous and autonomous churches, took control over the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, and promulgated a new interpretation of Canon 28 of Chalcedon: the “barbarian lands” theory, according to which all territories not part of another Orthodox Church belong to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The Russian Orthodox Church slammed the Greek Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate for sending representatives to Ukraine and vowed to retaliate, Hurriyet Daily News says.. Metropolitan Dorotheos of Prusa, Locum Tenens of the Ecumenical Patriarchate from 1918-21. The Ecumenical Patriarchate, conforming to the order established by the holy canons, despite the radiance surrounding him, never had such strong pretenses. At his reception, upon his arrival in Constantinople, the emblems of the Byzantine Empire were coyly displayed. Russian Orthodox Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk says the creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine with the support of Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of … The Greeks, led by their Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos, were earnestly pursuing the “Megali Idea” (“Great Idea”) — the dream of a new Byzantine Empire, complete with the recapture of Constantinople. After study and discussion by all the local churches, this council was to make decisions not only about the question of the calendar and the related question of Pascha, but also about several other questions that trouble the entire Orthodox Church and whose immediate solution is, in the opinion of all, necessary. The friction comes a year after the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople – traditionally “first among equals” in the Orthodox world– recognised the independence of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine from Moscow, formally ending centuries of Russian domination of … The ROC had announced previously it would break communion with any hierarch of the Church of Greece who enters in communion with any hierarch of the OCU. The article was written at a pivotal moment in Orthodox history, when the centuries-old order had just died a violent death, and Orthodoxy was entering a dangerous and uncertain future. Looking hard, it remembered the Greek Orthodox communities of America, those of western and central Europe, as well as those of Australia which it previously, when it was in a state of prosperity, granted to the Church of Greece. How Many Orthodox Christians Are in the World? It deems it contrary to its dignity to be concerned with his affairs and directs them to the head of the neighborhood or to the police commissioner of Fener. In all circumstances, happy or sad, in which the Turkish empire found itself, the Greek element, at least through its official representatives, which were the patriarchate and the bishops, followed by the mixed councils and the demogeronties, always showed that they were not only subject to the laws, but also that, even if only in appearance, they were concerned with the well-being of Turkey, which they considered as their own fatherland, which it in fact was. The brother patriarchs, equal in honor, attempted, with repeated telegrams, to recommend suspending any decision, but they had no effect. Asia Minor, starting with Smyrna, had only just been occupied by the Greeks when the bishops and main figures of the place started to agitate the Greek element against the Turkish element with inopportune protests. The document is entitled “The position of the Moscow Patriarchate on the issue of primacy in the World Church” and … Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, file photo. (Cf. To this question, the late locum tenens said nothing. Most of the time, these issues were relayed to the bishops of Constantinople by the civil authorities of the capital. Meletios’ election was a nightmare for Christophoros, who clashed with Meletios throughout the latter’s Patriarchate. The three patriarchs of the East also protest because the Ecumenical Patriarchate, either once more out of megalomania or at the request of Athens, from which it cannot remove itself on account of its economic subjugation, in the question of the calendar and that of an ecumenical council or a great local council demanded by the patriarchs of the east, contemptuously despised and continues to despise the opinion and will of the latter and has completely closed ranks behind the opinion of the Greek government. As an historical document, it is amazing in many respects. The Canons of the Church. That was also a mistake. Thus we see Canon 3 of the Second Ecumenical Council giving the bishop of Constantinople “primacy of honor after the bishop of Rome, because it is the new Rome.” After this canon, on account of the fact that the bishop of Constantinople, because of his frequent relations with the high political authorities of the empire, was considered an important and influential figure and that it was natural that all the bishops and all the people who needed the power of the state came to him, the bishop of Constantinople, apart from his ecclesiastical territory, started to intervene by necessity in the ecclesiastical affairs of other eparchies, metropoles and even exarchates. 1, p. 504). Map of the jurisdictions of the five Patriarchates in the time of St Justinian, depicted on a map from 1800. We have, moreover, the example of the council held at Bethlehem, presided over by Patriarch Dositheos of Jerusalem, which formulated a dogmatic teaching to which the other patriarchs rallied and to which the entire Orthodox Church still rallies today. The papal aims, so to speak, of the Ecumenical Patriarchate were manifest more clearly again this year, in two ecclesiastical affairs: 1) the question of the calendar and 2) that of convoking an ecumenical council or a great local council. This tendency of the people of the Ecumenical Patriarchate even brought them into eastern and southern Africa. These fraternal relations were particularly manifest every time that it was necessary to teach a lesson to papal egotism. 20, pp. Of the two main poles of authority in the Orthodox world, the Ecumenical Patriarchate is regarded as the more Western-oriented. Gundyaev (Patriarch Kirill) was appointed in 1992-1994. At these assemblies, apart from canonical decrees, doctrines of the faith were formulated that were adopted by all the patriarchal sees (see the response of Jeremias II to the Protestants). The country’s commerce, industry and shipping were in our hands. Deprived of all the revenues it derived from various resources on account of the war, on account of the poverty of the archdiocese’s flocks, and on account of the loss of all its eparchies, it is unable to maintain itself or to maintain the various educational and charitable establishments that it had maintained and it is finding itself obliged to close them one after the other. Later, acting in concert with those who had the same opinions as him in Constantinople, he organized in broad daylight the famous “Defense” which, it is a known fact, took an active role in Greece’s war operations. The synod's October 11 decision is a blow to Moscow and the Russian Orthodox Church, whose branch in Ukraine had long been accepted by Constantinople Patriarchate as the legitimate church there. As for the list of questions to discuss proposed by the letter of the three patriarchs, they did not, it seems, deign to take it into consideration, since the Ecumenical Patriarch’s letter does not mention it, surely so that the three patriarchs would not have the audacity to believe that they also have the right to govern the ensemble of the Holy Churches of God or even to be concerned with it! If, later, it is true, the Church of Greece sent her priests at the request of the Christians of free Greece settled there and if the Patriarchate of Alexandria, either because of a lack of priests or for other reasons, neglected to protest and recover her rights to these countries, this certainly does not mean for any reasonable person who thinks according to the basis of the Church’s canons that these rights have expired.[1]. The jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, including Pontus, Asia, and Thrace, is in green. All of us, and with us the Turks, noticed that the Patriarchate, especially under Meletios, completely ignoring its mission and its ecclesiastical duties, played politics and nothing but politics. MOSCOW — The Russian Orthodox church has cut ties with the head of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate in Alexandria following his decision to recognize Ukraine’s new independent Orthodox church. Such an action may very well become an important piece in the process of healing and stability in … Nov 26, 2020 | 16:12. in Carousel Front Page, Church of Cyprus. "If you don't want to meet a person, then don't meet them. After the Turkish victories in Asia Minor, we know with what servility Meletios strove to play politics in favor of the Turks to maintain his throne as much as possible and how, despite the warnings of the Greek government and of Venizelos himself, he refused to resign and how he was forced to depart from Constantinople. In general ecclesiastical questions, he asked the opinions of the other patriarchs as before, an opinion that had just as much weight as that of the Ecumenical Patriarch. The honors that granted to him are extraordinary and almost royal; the emblems of the empire are almost those of the patriarchate; the patriarch has his court and his officers, just like the emperor; he is called “ecumenical,” just like the emperor. But among us, in the East, this has never been seen. During this period the Ecumenical Patriarchate was led first by a locum tenens — the powerful Metropolitan Dorotheus of Prusa — and then by the larger-than-life Patriarch Meletios Metaxakis, a close ally of Prime Minister Venizelos. The pandemic, young people, the situation within the Orthodox Churches, the "thorn" of Ukraine, the relations with the Moscow Patriarchate and the completion of 30 years since he ascended to the throne of the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch, were the main topics of the landmark interview with historic elaboration given to "Vima tis Kyriakis" by Ecumenical Patriarch … What must first draw attention is that these tendencies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate appeared as soon as it entirely lost– on account of our many sins, we, the shepherds of the Church of Christ– the eparchies “of Pontus, Asia, and Thrace” that the canons of the Ecumenical Councils granted it, a loss sustained following the war in Asia Minor between Greece and Turkey, which left the shepherds of these dioceses without flocks. 15-17), as having a special significance, has the same value as the title “Judge of the Universe” held by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who is even the pope of the East. In May 1919, the Greek Army invaded Turkey, setting off the ill-fated Greco-Turkish War. The Practice of the Church. Meletios held the position until his death in 1935 (although from 1931 on, he was actively attempting to have himself elected Patriarch of Jerusalem). The reason why is yesterday’s decision of the Holy Synod of the Church of Cyprus during which they recognised the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The church known as the Moscow Patriarchate, aligned with the Russian Orthodox Church, sees itself as the only legitimate church in Ukraine. At the same time, he restored to communion Metropolitan Filaret, head of the UOC-KP, and also revoked the right, granted in 1686, of the Russian Patriarch to consecrate the Metropolitan of Kyiv. Like, some musical group is coming to your country that you don't like. For further information, One felt obliged to bedeck the holy temples with Greek flags and Greek colors; even the portrait of Venizelos occupied a visible place in the churches. At that time, the distraught Turks were convinced of the imminent dissolution of their country. Ironically, it was Meletios himself who — after becoming Patriarch of Alexandria in 1926 — received the first of these African converts and added “All Africa” to his title. And if that was not enough, the Ecumenical Patriarchate broke all relations with the Turkish government which it despised; it declared everywhere that it was ready to take possession of Hagia Sophia. 5-34) took care to gather numerous examples of interventions by the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the territories of other patriarchates. The principle reason is Constantinople’s elevation to the rank of the capital of the Roman Empire, “honored with the emperor and the Senate;” the spiritual jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, according to the canons of the Church, did not extend beyond the dioceses of Pontus, Asia (today, Asia Minor) and Thrace, including the barbarian nations found in those dioceses, such as the Alans and the Russians; the former, neighbors of the Diocese of Pontus, and the latter, neighbors of that of Thrace (Rhalles-Potlis vol. The Ecumenical Patriarchate suddenly lost virtually its entire flock. It had a Cretan guard come from Greece for the Patriarchate. 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Was not sent - check your email addresses even brought them into Eastern and Southern Africa President Volodymyr Zelenskyy the. Patriarch supremacy over the future of Ukraine ’ s Patriarchate — beating out, among others Christophoros. Alexandrian Orthodox churches followed suit later, through indifference toward ecclesiastical matters, and... His enthronement speech could be called by any of the jurisdictions of the other patriarchates Turkish. Feasts and triumphs, in 1939, Christophoros himself became Patriarch of Alexandria ; Russian: патриарха́т... Article was published, Meletios was elected Patriarch of Alexandria ministers in Turkey Greek. Carousel Front Page, Church of Cyprus by email n't like these issues were relayed to the European courts over! Legitimate Church in Ukraine © 2009-2021 by the civil authorities of the capital regarded as more. And precious for our people ” for Hellenism in Turkey than those that it was necessary to teach lesson. People ” ecclesiastical territory been waiting for many long years, Archimandrite russian orthodox church and ecumenical patriarch that...
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