Dharavi is the third largest slum in the world home to an estimated 1 million people; Dharavi has a population density of over 277,136/km2, making it one of the most densely populated places on earth (Jacobson, 2007). [134] In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across the Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population. [26] In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the Battle of Khadki. Density of population in India is 382 persons per sq km. Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay) is a megacity, one whose population is more than 10 million. [264] The Eastern Freeway was opened in 2013. [132], The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. [266] The three major road arteries of the city are the Eastern Express Highway from Sion to Thane, the Sion Panvel Expressway from Sion to Panvel and the Western Express Highway from Bandra to Dahisar. [128], Following protests during the movement in which 105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region is the largest urban agglomeration in the country. Mumbai, the capital of the state of Maharashtra, is one of India’s largest metropolitan areas. [13] As per Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. The Union territory of Delhi is the capital of the country of India and as a result is home to considerable amount of population. [126], The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. Therefore, on average, the population every year increases by 0.5 Million. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style. [352] Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach. [252][253] The Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) and Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) also operate their buses in Mumbai, connecting various nodes of Navi Mumbai and Thane to parts of Mumbai. [347][349] Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960,[350][351] and Gudi Padwa which is the New Year's Day for Marathi people. [307] Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. [396], Cricket is more popular than any other sport in the city. Mumbai and London are the only two cities to have hosted both a World Cup final and the final of an ICC Champions Trophy which was played at the Brabourne Stadium in 2006.[401]. [368] The name Bollywood is a blend of Bombay and Hollywood. The population density of Mumbai is 20,482 people per square kilometre this has quickly grown in the last twenty years. The population of Mumbai in 2020 as per estimated figures is 24.5 Million + 0.5 Million = 25 Million. [343], Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden. [212] Mumbai also has two lower courts, the small causes court for civil matters, and the sessions court for criminal cases. The number of slum-dwellers is estimated to be 9 million, up from 6 million in 2001;[313] that is, 62% of all Mumbaikars live in informal slums. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535. [145] For several decades it has been the home of India's main financial services, and a focus for both infrastructure development and private investment. [45] In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. More than 21 million people live in the greater Mumbai metropolitan region. [246] The BEST operates a total of 4,608 buses[247] with CCTV cameras installed, ferrying 4.5 million passengers daily[233] over 390 routes. The population of the Island city was estimated at 3,145,966 (30.68 lakhs or 3.068 million ) while Mumbai Suburbs was estimated at 9,332,481 ( 93.32 lakhs or 9.332 million ). Nearly half of Mumbai's Population lives in small shacks surrounded by open sewers. The Population of Delhi according to the 2011 census stands at about 16 million, making it the 18th most populated state in India. "[56] While the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by Indians from other regions,[57][58] mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial, resulting in emotional outbursts sometimes of a violently political nature. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. [166], Mumbai has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) under the Köppen climate classification. [142] The three coordinated bomb explosions in July 2011 that occurred at the Opera house, Zaveri Bazaar and Dadar were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai which resulted in 26 deaths and 130 injuries. Mumbai (English: /mʊmˈbaɪ/, Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. [100] The islands were subsequently attacked by Yakut Khan, the Muslim Koli[101][102][103][104] admiral of the Mughal Empire, in October 1672,[105] Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India on 20 February 1673,[106] and Siddi admiral Sambal on 10 October 1673. Its population as per the 2011 census was 12,442,373. Mumbai is also home to National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), S P Jain Institute of Management and Research, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) and several other management schools. Nariman Point and Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) are Mumbai's major financial centres. [133] The Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Bombay metropolitan region. Mumbai's sex ratio is skewed, and a ward-level analysis of the last Census in 2013 found that 20 of the city's 24 municipal wards had a decline in child sex ratio in the past decade. Mumbai is the capital city of Maharashtra. The metropolitan area has experienced an explosion in growth over the past 20 years, a common occurrence with metropolitan areas in India. Mumbai’s population, as per the 2011 census, is 12.44 million. Mumbai consists of two distinct regions: Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway was the first expressway built in India. [355] Adlabs Imagica opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the Mumbai-Pune Expressway. Mumbai's first professional American football franchise,[405] the Mumbai Gladiators, played its first season, in Pune, in late 2012. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometre. [337] Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. [300], The largest telephone service provider is the state-owned MTNL, which held a monopoly over fixed line and cellular services up until 2000, and provides fixed line as well as mobile WLL services. Mumbai is India’s richest city and home to a human population of around 20 million, but it also contains one of the largest protected urban forests in the world. Mumbai is still home to the largest Parsis population in the world. Surrounded by water on three sides, the city has no space to expand. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled self-employed population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other such blue collar professions. [261] Hovercraft services plied briefly in the late 1990s between the Gateway of India and CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai. The total surface area that the city of Mumbai covers comes to 603 kilometers squared (233 square miles) in the megacity itself. The Municipal corporation is responsible for the governance of the state. [130] Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. It is the country’s financial and commercial centre and its principal port on the Arabian Sea. [278], Mumbai is served by two major ports, Mumbai Port Trust and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, which lies just across the creek in Navi Mumbai. Schools in Mumbai are either "municipal schools" (run by the MCGM) or private schools (run by trusts or individuals), which in some cases receive financial aid from the government. The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre, and films. Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city. [308] In the south of Mumbai, there are colonial-era buildings and Soviet-style offices. [108] Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from Yakut Khan in 1689–90. [97] However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Delhi (11,320) turns out to be the most densely inhabited followed by Chandigarh (9,258), among all States/UTs, both in 2001 and 2011 Census. [244], Mumbai's bus services carried over 5.5 million passengers per day in 2008,[233] which dropped to 2.8 million in 2015. [31][145][188] It serves as an economic hub of India, contributing 10% of factory employment, 25% of industrial output, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and ₹40 billion (US$560 million) in corporate taxes. [306] There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the Gateway of India. [159] The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays, stretching from the Thane creek on the [115] Following his defeat, almost the whole of the Deccan Plateau came under British suzerainty, and was incorporated into the Bombay Presidency. Population: 20,035,455. Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world, thanks to its … In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy. [400] The biggest cricketing event to be staged in the city so far is the final of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup which was played at the Wankhede Stadium. [191], Recent estimates of the economy of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region is estimated to $151 to $368 billion (PPP metro GDP) ranking it either the most or second-most productive metro area of India. Mumbai is a hub of Indian film making. The average population growth rate reflects the annual increase or decrease in population. [206], The municipal commissioner is the chief executive officer and head of the executive arm of the municipal corporation. It is also known as the financial capital of the country. Medical College are the leading medical institutes affiliated with Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals and KEM Hospital respectively. Mcdowell's Derby is also held in February at the Turf Club in Mumbai. India Urban Population Currently, 34.5 % of the population of India is urban (471,828,295 people in 2019) [168], Flooding during monsoon is a major problem for Mumbai. [342] The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in South Mumbai which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history. [65] Perhaps at the beginning of the Common Era, or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community. The number of people residing in slums throughout the entire country is estimated to be 104 million, or 9% of the total population of India. [162] The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. [169][170] Between June and September, the south west monsoon rains lash the city. Following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, the city was rocked by the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–93 in which more than 1,000 people were killed. How quickly is it expanding? Mumbai’s population, as per the 2011 census, is 12.44 million. [202], Greater Mumbai, an area of 603 square kilometres (233 sq mi),[203] consisting of the Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban districts, extends from Colaba in the south, to Mulund and Dahisar in the north, and Mankhurd in the east. [269], Mumbai had about 721,000 private vehicles as of March 2014,[270] 56,459 black and yellow taxis as of 2005[update],[271] and 106,000 auto rickshaws, as of May 2013. [163] Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone owing to the presence of 23 fault lines in the vicinity. The opening ceremony was also held in Mumbai while the finals in Delhi. [231] The tenure of the mayor, deputy mayor, and municipal commissioner is two and a half years. Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. 1 Mumbai … The DP claims that the city’s population will marginally increase to 1.27 crore by 2021 before dropping to 1.19 crore in 2031 and finally to 1.06 crore in 2041. [333] English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce. [195] Dharavi, in central Mumbai, has an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of the city; the district has an estimated 15,000 single-room factories. boost the population of the Parsi community. Though much of the city's population are Marathas,inhabitants of Maharashtra and speaking the Marathi language, Mumbai is a cosmopolitan city. [151] Mumbai is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west. [321], The number of households in Mumbai is forecast to rise from 4.2 million in 2008 to 6.6 million in 2020. [87][88] In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahmani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated. [243] Mumbai is also well connected to most parts of India by the Indian Railways. [48] After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. The most recent census was conducted in India during 2011, which put Mumbai's Urban Agglomeration at 20,748,395, while the city itself was recorded at 12,478,447. [71] The Mahakali Caves in Andheri were cut out between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century CE. The powers of the commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the corporation or the standing committee. [295], Electricity is distributed by the Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) undertaking in the island city, and by Reliance Energy, Tata Power, and the Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd (Mahavitaran) in the suburbs. [66][67], In the 3rd century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka of Magadha. [148] The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai. Mumbai, the capital of the state of Maharashtra, is one of India’s largest metropolitan areas. Surrounded by water on three sides, the city has no … The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the end of all attacks by native powers. 41.3 % of Mumbai’s population lives in slums (World Population Review, 2016). Mumbai has experienced rapid growth over the past twenty years, which has led to an increased number of residents living in slums and has elevated the growth of its largest slum, Dharavi. With almost 23 million residents, Mumbai, India, is the second largest city in the world (only Tokyo, Japan, is larger than Mumbai). [292] Almost all of Mumbai's daily refuse of 7,800 metric tonnes, of which 40 metric tonnes is plastic waste,[293] is transported to dumping grounds in Gorai in the northwest, Mulund in the northeast, and to the Deonar dumping ground in the east. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. [221], In the Indian national elections held every five years, Mumbai is represented by six parliamentary constituencies: North, North West, North East, North Central, South Central, and South. Mumbai, with a population of roughly 22 million, is the world's fourth most populated city. Osaka (Population: 19,222,665) It is perhaps unsurprising that the majority of the most populous cities in the world are in the two most densely populated countries in the world, China and India. ", "Soon, computer-aided training for MSRTC drivers", "MSRTC to make long distance travel easier", "NNMT gains from BEST's plan to discontinue AC bus services", "TMT rakes in moolah on new AC bus routes", Metropolitan planning and management in the developing world 1993, "Traffic claims Mumbai darshan hot spots", "Bus Routes Under Bus Rapid Transit System", "7 Questions You Wanted to Ask About the Mumbai Metro", "NH wise Details of NH in respect of Stretches entrusted to NHAI", "India's first international-class expressway is just a month away", "NHAI starts work on Rs 6,672 cr expressway", "MSRDC – Project – Bandra Worli Sea Link", Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation, "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets – Mumbai – DNA", "Mumbai's five gateways may become toll-free", "Only 10 public transport services for every 90 private vehicles in Mumbai", "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets", "Statistics: Mumbai International Airport Limited", "Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA)- Masterplan", "With maiden Air India flight, T2 opens to public", "Work on Navi Mumbai airport may start next year", "It will be years before Mumbai surmounts its water crisis", "RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT-2005 INFORMATION BOOKLET", "Water contamination complaints double, Bhandup hit hard", "Make way for Mulund, Mumbai's newest hotspot", "Country's first water tunnel to come up in Mumbai", "Now, a toll-free helpline to check water leakage, theft", "To curb power theft, Maharashtra explores underground supply network across state", "Cooking gas cylinders to be sold at petrol pumps", "Piped gas becomes more attractive for the kitchen", "Reliance Offers BlackBerry in India, Vies With Bharti", "Internet surfers: Mumbai scores, Bangalore falls", "Mumbai's entrance -the 'Gateway' to be more tourist-friendly", "Is the world's weirdest property market strangling the city that hosts it? [287][288][289] India's first underground water tunnel was completed in Mumbai to supply water to the Bhandup filtration plant. [185][186] In December 2019, IIT Bombay, in partnership with the McKelvey School of Engineering of Washington University in St. Louis, launched the Aerosol and Air Quality Research Facility to study air pollution in Mumbai, among other Indian cities. (Representative photo) MUMBAI: By 2034, Mumbai’s population will decline by one million… The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community—[38] and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. [110] [316] Dharavi, Asia's second largest slum (if Karachi's Orangi Town is counted as a single slum)[317] is located in central Mumbai and houses between 800,000 and one million people[318] in 2.39 square kilometres (0.92 sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated areas on Earth[319] with a population density of at least 334,728 persons per square kilometre. Mumbai city is governed by Municipal Corporation and is situated in Mumbai Urban Region. Tulsi Lake and Vihar Lake are located in Borivili National Park, within the city's limits. [383] The Indian Badminton League (IBL), now known as the Premier Badminton League is also visiting Mumbai since its inaugural edition in 2013 when the final was held in Mumbai's National Sports Club of India. The Central Pollution Control Board for the Government of India and the Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai monitor and publicly share real-time air quality data. [7] Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the MCGM, has a literacy rate of 94.7%, higher than the national average of 86.7%. Urban agglomerations or cities with a population of more than one million have increased from 22 in 1991 to 35 in 2001 with Greater Mumbai being the largest at 16.4 million. [105], In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. [262], Mumbai is served by National Highway 3, National Highway 4, National Highway 8, National Highway 17 and National Highway 222 of India's National Highways system. Several other Indian language films such as Bengali, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu are also occasionally shot in Mumbai. [279] Mumbai Port has one of the best natural harbours in the world, and has extensive wet and dry dock accommodation facilities. Megacities like Tokyo, New York, São Paulo, and Mumbai are also known as conurbations —large contiguous areas of urban landscapes formed from the growth and merging of previously separate and distinct urban centers. ", "Floristic Survey of Institute of Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra State", "Seismic Hazard estimation for Mumbai City", Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 1999, "Mumbai floods: Why India's cities are struggling with extreme rainfall", "Will Mumbai flood this year too? ", "51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya", "Sahitya Akademi: awards and fellowships", "Bandra's spirit captured in cakes, tattoos", "MTDC will not pull out of Elephanta, Banganga fests", "The Times of India turns the Times of Colour", "IRS Q2, 2010: Negligible decline of daily readers in Greater Mumbai", "IRS Q2 2010: Publications in Maharashtra see some light", "Public life and voluntary social service organisations", "Bollywood Trawls London for Talent as Students Balk at Banking", "Bollywood filmmakers experimenting with new genre of films", "Mumbai's Film City may be home to world cinema", "Education board tells schools to get state recognition", "mumbai university: Latest News, Videos and mumbai university Photos | Times of India", "Are you cut out for Arts, Science or Commerce? [24], The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. [42][43] This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay",[44] and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. [238] Trains are overcrowded during peak hours, with nine-car trains of rated capacity 1,700 passengers, actually carrying around 4,500 passengers at peak hours. With a population of 13 million, Mumbai is India's largest city and its most diverse, cosmopolitan and westernised. The population of Mumbai is about 18 million, with a density of 4,205 persons per square kilometre. of around two children per woman. [232], Public transport systems in Mumbai include the Mumbai Suburban Railway, Monorail, Metro, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) buses, black-and-yellow meter taxis, auto rickshaws and ferries. [281] It handles 55–60% of the country's total containerised cargo. Mumbai. It sits on Salsette Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the Thane district. The census, which is done once in a decade by the Government of India, is due in 2021. There are approximately 5,000 businesses and 15,000 single-room factories in Dharavi. [347][348] The Elephanta Festival—celebrated every February on the Elephanta Islands—is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country. The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452 mm (136 in) for 1954. The English were in constant struggle with the Portuguese vying for hegemony over Bombay, as they recognised its strategic natural harbour and its natural isolation from land attacks. [330] Parsis migrated to India from Greater Iran following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second-most populous city in the country after Delhi and the seventh-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 20 million.
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