THE TRUSTED RESOURCE FOR MILITARY FAMILIES, Sergeant Stubby: The Highest Ranking Military Dog in History. He was not an impressive sight: short, barrel-shaped, a bit homely, with brown and white brindled stripes. For capturing an enemy spy, Stubby was put in for a promotion to the rank of sergeant by the commander of the 102nd Infantry. Other breeds, other times By February 1918, the 102nd was bunkering along the lines of Chemin des Dames, the French-held “ladies path” on the Western Front, nervously anticipating the Germans’ launch of a spring offensive. The Germans claimed victory, leaving 81 Allied troops killed, 424 wounded, and 130 captured. On April 5 Stubby became a private first class, his first military rank. Stubby came home to finish out his life as a normal dog. It was said he could sniff out poison gas, barking warnings to doughboys in the trenches. The clippings in Conroy’s scrapbook conflict on many particulars of Stubby’s story: Was he wounded in the chest or in the left foreleg in Seicheprey? Marshall/U.S. Richardson writes: Stubby died in his sleep in Conroy’s arms in 1926. He became the first dog to be given rank in the United States Armed Forces. At one point, the U.S. Army borrowed French-trained dogs for sentry duty, but the plan was eventually aborted because the dogs only responded to commands in French. Many of the countries involved in World War I had war dog training schools in place prior to the conflict. The troops traveled by rail to Newport News, Virginia, a newly designated port of embarkation for soldiers heading to France. The scale and nature of World War I was unprecedented, shocking even to Americans who had lived through the Civil War a half-century earlier. Sgt Stubby was a mixed breed stray dog. Stubby went on to become a very brave soldier who won lots of medals before reaching the age of two. Stubby single-handedly captured a German … But the dog was also the perfect mascot for a war that had introduced human carnage on a scale never previously seen. He then spirited the dog down to the hold and hid him in the ship’s coal bin. In October 1917, one month after landing in France, the American Expeditionary Forces entered the Western Front. It is a leather-bound scrapbook, kept by Conroy. Stubby’s temperament and personality enchanted all of the men, but one soldier in particular by the name of Robert Conroy declared Stubby as his own. A French sergeant and a dog, both wearing gas masks, on their way to the front line. Later, Stubby was injured during a grenade attack, receiving a large amount of shrapnel in his chest and leg. By joining Slate Plus you support our work and get exclusive content. You can cancel anytime. Pershing made a short speech, noting the soldier’s “heroism of highest caliber” and “bravery under fire.” The general solemnly lifted an engraved solid gold medal from its case and pinned it to the hero’s uniform. Sergeant Stubby was the most decorated dog of World War I. And there are newspaper clippings, the closest we have to a comprehensive anthology of the press coverage of Stubby. According to Bausum, the two reportedly shook “hands.” Four months later, on April 29, 1919, Stubby and Conroy were demobilized at Camp Devens, Massachusetts. Sergeant Stubby served as the infantry’s mascot during World War I. Little Stubby was a stray, who used to hang around the infantrymen who trained nearby his dwelling place. Today, he may be the last decorated World War I veteran that you can still see in the flesh. Stubby was later injured by a grenade, but he survived the large amounts of shrapnel in his chest and leg. He was also a mascot at Georgetown University. Courtesy of Division of Armed Forces/Smithsonian National Museum of America History, On a steamy summer morning, news reports would later recount, Stubby wandered onto the massive field, where the soldiers were doing exercises. While waiting out the trip home from France, Stubby met his first of three presidents, Woodrow Wilson, on Christmas Day 1918 in Mandres en Bassigny. The occasion was a ceremony honoring veterans of the 102nd Infantry of the American Expeditionary Forces’ 26th “Yankee” Division, who had seen action in France during the Great War. Getting Stubby to Europe would be a more daunting challenge. Here are some interesting things to know about this four-legged hero. On St. Patrick’s Day, bells and klaxons, the signal of a poison gas attack, rang out along the hillside in the Marne where Stubby and Conroy were stationed. The Royal lion hunt reliefs from the Assyrian palace at Nineveh, about 645-635 B.C., housed at the British Museum. He became the first dog to be given rank in the United States Armed Forces. Stubby, a pit bull type dog, was a hero of World War I. Malinois? He served for 18 months in World War I as part of the 102 nd infantry, 26 th Division in France. Describing him as a dog of "uncertain breed," Ann Bausum wrote that: "The brindle-patterned pup probably owed at least some of his parentage to the evolving family of Boston Terriers, a breed so new that even its name was in flux: Boston Round Heads, American...and Boston Bull Terriers." And much of the criticism illustrates that commemorating Stubby did often mean neglecting the story of human veterans. Join Slate Plus to continue reading, and you’ll get unlimited access to all our work—and support Slate’s independent journalism. Stubby was a brindle puppy with a short tail. Stubby was found wandering the grounds of Yale Field in New Haven, Connecticutwhile a group of soldiers were training. He was a nothing dog who became a hero and was honored by three presidents. You’ve run out of free articles. Stubby connected with the 102nd Regiment of the 26thDivision while it was training for war on the Yale campus. When you think of a military dog, what breed comes to mind? Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Sergeant Stubby was smuggled back into the U.S. by Conroy at the conclusion of the war, where he continued to build on his list of things dogs don’t normally get to do. After the war, he worked as a bureaucrat, first for the Bureau of Investigation (predecessor to the FBI) at the Justice Department, then with military intelligence and finally on Capitol Hill as secretary for a Connecticut congressman. Dogs were part of Attila the Hun’s forces in his fifth-century European conquests. He met three sitting presidents, traveled the nation to veterans’ commemorations, and performed in vaudeville shows, earning $62.50 for three days of theatrical appearances, more than twice the weekly salary of the average American. Correction, May 8, 2014: This article originally misspelled author Ann Bausum’s first name. Stubby was described in contemporaneous news items as a Boston Terrier or "American bull terrier" mutt. He was excellent in locating the wounded soldiers and getting them help. In 1915, the French government asked Allan Alexander Allan, a Scotsman living in Alaska, to provide its army with sled dogs. Stubby, according to vintage articles from his time (linked below in "references") and this 1921 one in particular, was noted to be a Boston Bull Terrier, which is the old term for the Boston Terrier breed. The Times describes how one morning, while most of the troops were sleeping, the division was assaulted by an early morning gas launch. Many veterans were haunted by their experiences in the trenches, but American and military culture did not encourage the airing of battlefield traumas. He was officially given the promotion to Sergeant by the infantry commander himself after the incredible capture of a German spy. Stubby was made a member of the Red Cross and the American Legion. The regiment’s leader, Col. John Henry Parker, was a gruff, intimidating man, a veteran of the Spanish-American War and an expert machine gun tactician who eventually received a Silver Star for extraordinary heroism. It is a truism that World War I was the first modern war, but it’s easy to forget what that meant 100 years ago. Conroy faced a problem: What to do about the dog he had adopted and named Stubby? Once there, the dogs hauled ammunition, aided soldiers in the work of laying communication lines, and helped transport wounded soldiers to field hospitals. Stubby lingered around Camp Yale after that first appearance. The Army lagged behind its allies in both recruiting and preparedness. Pvt. Fighting was so intense that Maj. George Rau, commander of the 102nd, ordered his cooks, truck drivers, and even the marching band into the fray. When did Sgt Stubby die? They took part in four major offensives—Aisne-Marne, Champagne-Marne, Saint-Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne—and 17 engagements. And you'll never see this message again. Gen. John Pershing awards Sergeant Stubby with a medal in 1921. Some say that he was a brindle bull terrier mutt, or pit bull mix, and others believe he was a Boston Terrier mix. He endured an injury from a surprise grenade attack, and proceeded to bravely undergo surgery. The book is crammed with documents and ephemera: fan letters, poems, drawings, an invitation to the White House from President Wilson. Stubby, the hero war dog, is back in the state. Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, and Babylonians all used dogs in battle. Still, not everyone was captive to Stubby’s charms. Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History via Carl Malamud. Because they wore the Red Cross symbol, these dogs were, in theory, protected from being shot by the enemy. Stubby would train with the Army every morning, running and exercising with the unit. While there is very little written record about Stubby’s keeper, J. Robert Conroy, we do know that from 1913 on, his life was very much intertwined with the U.S. government. Stubby’s ears are pointed up, and he wears a gruff expression. Known as “Dead Man’s Curve” because the hazardous turn required oncoming vehicles to slow down, the location made easy prey for the German artillery. In one battle, Prusco, a French dog, located and dragged more than 100 wounded men to safety. Another photo, dated February 1919, captures Stubby in the town of Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours, in Lorraine in northeastern France. For his valorous actions, Stubby is recognized as the first canine ever promoted to the rank of Sergeant in … When it came time for the outfit to ship out, Conroy hid Stubby on boar… Photo courtesy Carole Raddato/Flickr Creative Commons. At the peak of the war, Germany’s dog forces numbered more than 30,000: messengers, Sanitätshunde, draught animals, guards. Saddlebags stocked with water and medical supplies were strapped to their backs. Courtesy of Harris & Ewing Collection/Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington. Almost 3,000 German Stoßtruppen (shock troops) fired on, and overwhelmed, a small contingent of 600 American soldiers from the 26th. He served with distinction during WWI and had the honor of being the war’s most decorated war dog. In 1917, Stubby, a Pit Bull puppy with a “stubbed” tail, was living on the streets of New Haven, Connecticut near an Army training camp at Yale University. Stubby, the foundling mutt, was thus an apt mascot for the U.S. forces: unpedigreed, untrained, an underdog. The dog gave chase, eventually dragging the soldier back to the 102nd. Robert Conroy decided to bring Stubby … When the 102nd reached Chateâu Thierry in July, the dog had evidently learned to distinguish a khaki doughboy uniform from gray serge Germany garb: He recognized a uniformed enemy soldier. Stubby was there for the duration. Stubby — who was believed to be a Pit Bull mix — was the most decorated war dog in U.S. history. Sergeant Stubby at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History. Army via Wikimedia Commons. But given the documentation that has survived, it is difficult at times to separate the actions of the real dog from the mythology that sprung up around him upon his triumphant return with the victorious American Army. Dogs were forbidden in the U.S. military, but Conroy had managed to keep the stray as a pet throughout his three-month training in Connecticut. Sergeant Stubby, most likely a Boston terrier, was America’s first war dog. The 102nd Infantry headquarters were set up near a dangerous spot 1½ miles north of Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours. All contents © 2021 The Slate Group LLC. A wondering mongrel, Stubby latched onto the 102 nd Infantry regiment of Connecticut and accompanied it across the major battlefields of the Western Front in World War 1. Often, the dogs simply provided comfort and a warm body to dying men on battlefields. Stubby’s tale offers a glimpse of the American Army as it prepared to fight its first modern war—and later, of a bruised nation as it commemorated a victory obtained at unthinkable human costs. Somehow, the dog and his master survived. 1. He was recognized for his acts of heroism in several ways. According to the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, he was the first dog ever given rank in the U.S. Army. The year He is the only dog that has been promoted to Sergeant through combat. Another well-known military dog was Sergeant Stubby, a Boston Bull Terrier who served in World War I. Sgt. It was Parker who gave special orders that Stubby remain with the 26th. It’s impossible to say if Stubby’s celebrity was cultivated by the U.S. government or if it was the result of an organic groundswell. His taxidermied remains are on view at the Smithsonian, in a crowded display case alongside a mannequin doughboy and another World War I military animal celebrity, the carrier pigeon Cher Ami. Stubby’s rage at the sight of a German was reportedly so “savage,” in the words of an Associated Press account, that “it was found necessary to tie him up when batches of prisoners were being brought back, for fear that trouserless Germans would be reaching the prison pens.”, In the Argonne, Stubby sniffed out a lost German soldier hiding in nearby bushes. Stubby was found wandering the grounds of the Yale University campus in New Haven, Connecticutin July 1917, while mem… All rights reserved. It is actually customary that all military working canines receive the unofficial title of NCO. There are sepia-toned photographs showing the dog in the French countryside, surrounded by soldiers on a wooden Ford Model T ambulance. He looks like a ramrod sergeant: tough, unsmiling, no nonsense, with a coat covered in medals. Smithsonian National Museum of American History, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, and Babylonians, Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington. Siberian huskies, naturally, were relied on for transport. Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History. The story of dogs in warfare is an old one, stretching back to antiquity. Airedale terriers were considered good messenger dogs. Humble beginnings. Miss Louise Johnson and Sergeant Stubby in a parade, May 1921. J.A. (Perhaps gas masks were to thank—man and dog alike were issued masks, though the New York Times reported that “Stubby’s physiognomy was of such peculiar contour that no mask could afford real satisfaction.”). While Stubby was hailed with newspaper encomiums and ceremonial pomp, something was being glossed over: the grim details of life in the trenches, poison gas attacks, debilitating war injuries, death. Stubby was a dog of “ uncertain breed “, most likely a Bull Terrier or Boston Terrier. Germany had a long tradition of military dogs and had the war’s best-trained canine force. The story of Stubby the war dog begins in the year of 1917, in Connecticut during WW1. In September 1917, a few months after Stubby first embedded with the troops at the Yale Bowl, the 102nd prepared to ship out. Among the allies, France had the largest and most diverse dog units. Like Rags, Stubby was a stray, and fell in with some soldiers drilling in New Haven, Conn. Cpl. For nearly a decade after the war until his death in 1926, Stubby was the most famous animal in the United States. The dog hung around as the men drilled and one soldier, Corporal Robert Conroy, developed a fondness for the Boston Terrier. Stubby was like a character out of Horatio Alger, or a sentimental one-reel silent movie: an orphan who made his way in the world with perseverance and pluck. Usually closed doors were flung open for Stubby. Here the 26th Division was slated to board one of the largest freighters navigating the Atlantic, the SS Minnesota. The highest military rank ever achieved by a dog is in fact Sergeant, which is what Stubby was promoted to in combat for his great courage on the battlefield. French soldiers in trench in Northeastern France, circa 1916-1918. The award was not a formal U.S. military commendation, but it symbolically confirmed Stubby, who’d also earned one wound stripe and three service stripes, as the greatest war dog in the nation’s history. The conventional wisdom favored pedigreed dogs: Jack Russell terriers for chasing rats out of trenches; German shepherds, Chiens de Brie, and Alsatian sheep dogs for sentry duty. When he was a puppy in 1917, Stubby was wandering around the fields of Yale University. The most revealing page in the Stubby scrapbook may be the one in which we find a note, inscribed in Conroy’s handwriting: “Criticism of Stubby which proves he is famous.” It is a single page, but its contents show that Stubby-mania wasn’t embraced by all Army veterans. Stubby”, is one of my favorite artifacts in the Armed Forces History collections.He was the mascot of the 102 Infantry 26th Yankee Division in World War I. Oftentimes when speaking of our American soldiers, we’re referring to all the brave men and women who have committed to protecting our great nation. Despite his postwar stardom, Stubby has faded from memory in the century since the war commenced. The two were soon inseparable.*. Sgt Stubby – The War Dog Stubby was an American pit bull terrier, pit bulls used to be smaller until they made a larger and buffer version by combining bigger and more muscular dogs into the mix. Sergeant Stubby died in 1926. In the division of armed forces history at the Smithsonian National Museum of America History in Washington, there is a fascinating artifact, a testament to Stubby’s fame and the swath he cut across American popular culture in the immediate postwar years. In response, the Times reported, the solider “licked his chops and wagged his diminutive tail.” Sergeant Stubby, a short brindle bull terrier mutt, was officially a decorated hero of World War I. Baldy sired 28 of the sled dogs sent to France by Allan during WWI. In this environment, Sergeant Stubby was an ideal World War I hero, because he was ideally stoic. War dogs weren’t the only area in which the U.S. military was wanting. A machinist onboard fashioned Stubby his own set of metal “dog tags.” By the time the troops disembarked in the port of Saint-Nazaire on France’s western coast, Stubby was the 102nd Infantry’s unofficial mascot. Now you might be wondering how other war dogs end up earning their rank. He’s a decorated WWI Hero, friend to presidents, and a total looker. He attended the 1920 Republican National Convention, which culminated in the nomination of Warren G. Harding. He was the jaunty little creature who could be trotted out for parades, appear with politicians and military brass in photo opportunities, and was guaranteed to stay on message. Baldy of Nome, famed Alaskan sled dog, and his owner Allan “Scotty” Allan. “Stubby’s history overseas,” a Waterbury, Connecticut, newspaper wrote in 1922, “is the story of almost any average doughboy.” But of course Stubby was not a doughboy, and his renown was anything but average. Courtesy of Division of Armed Forces/Smithsonian National Museum of America History. He had reportedly comforted wounded warriors on bullet-strafed battlefields. He met Presidents Wilson, Harding, and Coolidge. It’s also been said that he is responsible for saving the lives of an entire company! Heavy winter snows in the Vosges Mountains were holding back French supply lines; mules and horses couldn’t breach the impasse to move artillery and ammunition. German Shepherd? “We came into this war without an army … so now must build an entire new organization,” said Gen. Pershing in 1917. When the war ended on Nov. 11, 1918, Stubby was in Meuse-Argonne. Conroy named the puppy Stubby, and the pup was soon the unofficial mascot of Conroy’s unit, the 102nd Infantry, 26th Yankee Division. Although mostly forgotten today, one pit bull, Sergeant Stubby, became the only dog promoted in rank in American military history in recognition of his efforts in warning his unit of poison gas attacks and incoming artillery shells, locating wounded soldiers and capturing a German spy. To this day he holds his own display at the National Museum of American History, and can be visited by anyone. Private Robert J. They saw more fighting than any other American infantry division: 210 days in total. 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